PRIMARY CESAREAN SECTION IN MULTIGRAVIDA: INDICATIONS AND OUTCOMES

Abstract

Introduction: Cesarean section rates are rising globally. Primary CS in multigravida—women with prior vaginal births but no CS—requires further study. Aims: Evaluate indications, maternal and neonatal outcomes, and predictors of adverse events in multigravida primary CS. Results: In 200 women (mean age 27.4 ± 4.2 years; 58% second gravida), leading indications were fetal distress (28%), malpresentation (18%), and failed induction (16%). Maternal complications occurred in 16%, primarily postpartum hemorrhage (6%) and fever (10%).